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Air Marshal Sir Arthur "Mary" Coningham 〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Coningham, Arthur )〕 (19 January 1895 – presumably 30 January 1948) was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force. During the First World War, he was at Gallipoli with the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, was discharged in New Zealand as medically unfit for active service, and journeyed to Britain at his own expense to join the Royal Flying Corps, where he became a flying ace. Coningham was later a senior Royal Air Force commander during the Second World War, as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief 2nd Tactical Air Force and subsequently the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Flying Training Command. Coningham is chiefly remembered as the person most responsible for the development of forward air control parties directing close air support, which he developed as commander of the Western Desert Air Force between 1941 and 1943, and as commander of the tactical air forces in the Normandy campaign in 1944. However he is frequently lauded as the "architect of modern air power doctrine regarding tactical air operations," based on three principles: necessity of air superiority as first priority, centralised command of air operations co-equal with ground leadership, and innovative tactics in support of ground operations.〔Dr. Richard P. Hallion, USAF Historian, Foreword to ''Coningham: A Biography of Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham''〕 On 30 January 1948, he disappeared along with all the other passengers and crew of the airliner G-AHNP ''Star Tiger'' when it vanished without a trace somewhere off the eastern coast of the United States in the Bermuda Triangle. ==Early life== Coningham was born in Brisbane, Queensland, on 19 January 1895.〔(Sir Arthur Coningham at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography )〕 His early life was one that made him learn to be adaptable. His father, also Arthur Coningham, was noted for playing Test cricket, but was by disposition a con man who was exposed in court for fabricating legal evidence in a trial designed to shake down a Catholic priest, Denis Francis O'Haran, secretary to the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney.〔(Coningham, Arthur (1863–1939) at Australian Dictionary of Biography )〕 The resulting scandal drove the older Arthur Coningham to remove the Coningham family to New Zealand while Coningham was still young.〔 The change of scene to New Zealand did not change the father's modus operandi; he spent six months imprisoned there for fraud.〔Orange pp. 6–7〕 Coningham was resilient enough and sufficiently motivated to win a scholarship to Wellington College. Although Coningham had won a scholarship, he was not an academic star. However, he was athletic and an outdoorsman, with expertise in horsemanship and with firearms.〔Budiansky, pp. 288–295〕 His parents divorced when he was seventeen; grounds were his father's infidelity. Arthur Coningham was maturely assured enough to remark, "Look here, Coningham, you may be my father, but I am ashamed of you." The comment reflects Coningham's persona; he was abstemious by nature, being a non-smoker, near teetotaler and impatient with obscene language.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arthur Coningham (RAF officer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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